When an acid dissolves in water, it dissociates into its constituent ions. For example, hydrochloric acid (HCl) dissociates to form hydrogen ions (H⁺) and chloride ions (Cl⁻):
[ \text{HCl (aq)} \rightarrow \text{H}^+ \text{(aq)} + \text{Cl}^- \text{(aq)} ]
This process increases the concentration of H⁺ ions in the solution, contributing to the acidic properties of the solution.
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