Can I get electrocuted touching an electric pole if I'm not grounded?

First off you should not be touching any high voltage source whether you are grounded or not. A pole isn't typically dangerous, it is the wires on the pole. A path to ground is required for a current to flow. Technicians working on high voltage power line often touch the lines and ensure they are not grounded when doing so, by using special procedures. That is why birds can sit on bare power lines without getting shocked.