Which is a more polar molecule caffeine or resorcinol and why?

Resorcinol is a more polar molecule than caffeine due to its hydroxyl (-OH) groups. Resorcinol has two -OH groups, which can form strong hydrogen bonds and significantly increase its polarity. In contrast, caffeine has a more complex structure with a lesser number of polar functional groups, leading to lower overall polarity compared to resorcinol. Thus, resorcinol's greater hydrogen bonding capability contributes to its higher polarity.