When was the white primary eliminated?

The white primary was effectively eliminated by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1944 with the case Smith v. Allwright. This ruling declared that primary elections held by political parties, which excluded Black voters, were unconstitutional as they violated the 14th Amendment's Equal Protection Clause. The decision was a significant step in the Civil Rights Movement, helping to pave the way for greater voter participation among African Americans in the South.