Great Britain claimed the Oregon Territory down to about the Klamath River. The United States claimed all of the western American continent up to 54 degrees 40 minutes north, which is roughly near Ketchican, Alaska. Several compromises were offered and after some minor conflicts the border was drawn at the arbitrary line of 49 degrees north from Lake of the Woods, Minnesota to the Straits of Georgia near present-day Vancouver. This was the Oregon Treaty of 1846.
A subsequent dispute over the small San Juan Islands north of Puget Sound was settled by arbitration. The Americans sent Captain (later General) George Pickett and a company of men; the British responded with warships and prepared to invade with more than 2,000 men. The tension lasted 12 years until Kaiser Wilhelm I of Prussia was selected for international arbitration. The Kaiser accepted the American claims almost entirely and the British accepted the findings. Thus all of the boundary disputes and joint occupations were settled in the end by negotiation and arbitration -- peacefully, cooperatively working for a settlement to a dangerous crisis.
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