What is the factor or safety formula?

The factor of safety (FoS) is a measure used to ensure that structures can withstand loads without failing. It is calculated using the formula: FoS = Ultimate Strength / Allowable Stress. Here, the ultimate strength is the maximum load a material can bear, while the allowable stress is the maximum load that a material can safely support without risk of failure. A higher FoS indicates a greater margin of safety in design.