What are some ways in which modern technology is making a contribution to archaeology?

Here are three examples. 1) Using mass-spectometry, the exact makeup of an item can be revealed. A tiny piece is examined and its contents are exposed. So if someone artificially ages a paper and claims it's an old document, it is now possible to check which compounds it contains, some of which may be known to be only recently used in paper-manufacture.

2) The use of X-ray Photography now enables us to read burnt documents.

3) The employment of aerial and satellite photography makes it possible to see features which the ground-observer does not discern, such as ancient paths, or geometrically-shaped mounds.

See also:

Some archaeological finds over the last 150 years