How has ethernet physical media and intermediary devices changed?

Ethernet physical media has evolved from coaxial cables and thicknet to twisted-pair cables (like Cat5e and Cat6) and fiber optics, allowing for higher data rates and longer distances. Intermediary devices such as switches and routers have become more sophisticated, enabling advanced features like VLANs, QoS, and increased network efficiency. The transition to high-speed networks, including 10G, 40G, and beyond, has also driven improvements in both media and devices, enhancing overall performance and reliability. These advancements collectively support the growing demand for bandwidth and connectivity in modern networks.