What inventions allowed Germany to reduce the shipping capabilities of the allied powers?

Germany utilized several key inventions during World War I and World War II to reduce the shipping capabilities of the Allied powers. Notably, the development of U-boats (submarines) enabled Germany to launch unrestricted submarine warfare, targeting Allied merchant vessels and disrupting supply lines. Additionally, advancements in naval mines and torpedoes enhanced their ability to threaten shipping routes effectively. These innovations significantly hampered the Allies' logistics and supply efforts during the conflicts.