What does modulation refer to?

Modulation refers to the process of varying a signal's properties, such as amplitude, frequency, or phase, to encode information for transmission over a medium. It is commonly used in telecommunications to enable efficient data transfer and enhance signal quality. By modulating a carrier wave, information can be conveyed across different channels while minimizing interference and maximizing bandwidth utilization. Modulation techniques are essential in applications like radio broadcasting, satellite communication, and digital data transmission.