What is a document which gives exclusive rights called?

A document that grants exclusive rights is typically called a "license" or "patent," depending on the context. A license allows the holder to use, produce, or sell a particular product or service under specified conditions, while a patent provides legal protection for inventions, granting the inventor exclusive rights to their creation for a certain period. Both documents serve to protect intellectual property and ensure that the rights holder can control the use of their work.