Which technological development had a greater impact on the Chinese empire printing or gunpowder?

Gunpowder had a greater impact on the Chinese empire compared to printing. While printing facilitated the spread of knowledge, culture, and administration, gunpowder revolutionized warfare and military strategy, significantly altering power dynamics both within China and in its interactions with neighboring states. The military advantages provided by gunpowder ultimately shaped the course of Chinese history, influencing battles and territorial expansion. Thus, the transformative effects of gunpowder on society and governance were more profound than those of printing.