What type of lawsuit protects a person from lawsuits?

A lawsuit that protects a person from being sued is typically referred to as a "declaratory judgment" or "preemptive lawsuit." In this context, an individual may seek a court's declaration to confirm their rights or obligations, effectively preventing future litigation on the same issue. Additionally, certain legal protections, such as "sovereign immunity" for government entities or "qualified immunity" for public officials, can shield individuals from lawsuits under specific circumstances.