What are some characteristics of genes?

Genes are sequences of DNA that encode instructions for building proteins and determining traits in living organisms. They can vary in size and complexity, with some genes consisting of only a few hundred base pairs while others may span millions. Genes can be dominant or recessive, influencing how traits are expressed, and they can undergo mutations, which may alter their function or contribute to genetic diversity. Additionally, genes are inherited from parents and can interact with environmental factors, affecting an organism's overall phenotype.