Can you explain how thermostat wiring works in HVAC systems?

Thermostat wiring in HVAC systems connects the thermostat to the heating and cooling equipment. The thermostat sends signals to the equipment to turn on or off based on the temperature settings. Different wires are used to control various functions, such as turning on the heat or air conditioning. The wiring configuration can vary depending on the type of HVAC system and the features of the thermostat.