Emilio Aguinaldo felt betrayed by the United States because, after assisting the U.S. in the Spanish-American War, he expected that the U.S. would recognize Philippine independence. Instead, the U.S. decided to annex the Philippines, leading to the Philippine-American War. Aguinaldo viewed this as a violation of the principles of self-determination and democracy that the U.S. had championed, leading him to feel deceived by their true intentions.
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