Civilizations of Sumer were formed in the southern part of Mesopotamia, in what is now modern-day Iraq. This region, situated between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, provided fertile land that supported agriculture and enabled the development of city-states like Ur, Uruk, and Eridu. Sumer is often credited as one of the world's earliest urban civilizations, flourishing around 4500 to 1900 BCE.
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