What do sacraments mean?

There are seven sacraments.

1. Baptism
2. Confession
3. Holy Communion
4. Confirmation
5. Marriage
6. Holy Orders
7. Anointing of the Sick

The sacraments are major religious rites or stepping stones in the Catholic church.

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Catholic AnswerA sacrament, in the Catholic religion, is a visible means of invisible grace, THE Sacrament in the Catholic religion usually refers to the Eucharist, which is the actual Body and Blood, Soul and Divinity of Our Blessed Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ. All other sacraments are oriented towards it.

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from The Catechism of the Catholic Church, second edition, English translation 1994

1114 "Adhering to the teaching of the Holy Scriptures, to the apostolic traditions, and to the consensus . . . of the Fathers," we profess that "the sacraments of the new law were . . . all instituted by Jesus Christ our Lord." (Council of Trent {1547}: Denzinger-Schönmetzer, Enchiridion Symbolorum, definitionum et declarationum de rebus fidei et morum {1965} 1600-1601)

1115

Jesus' Words and actions during his hidden life and public ministry were already salvific, for they anticipated the power of his Paschal mystery. They announced and prepared what he was going to give the Church when all was accomplished. The mysteries of Christ's life are the foundations of what he would henceforth dispense in the sacraments, through the ministers of his Church, for "what was visible in our Savior has passed over into his mysteries." (St. Leo the Great, Sermo. 74, 2: J.P. Migne, ed., Patrologia Latina {Paris: 1841-1855} 54, 398