Mutations can alter the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA, which may change the codons that are read by ribosomes during translation. This can lead to the incorporation of incorrect amino acids into the growing polypeptide chain, potentially resulting in a nonfunctional protein or one with altered properties. Additionally, mutations may introduce premature stop codons or affect regulatory elements, further disrupting protein synthesis and cellular function. Ultimately, these changes can have significant implications for the organism's phenotype and health.
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