How does a light bulb produce light and illuminate its surroundings?

A light bulb produces light and illuminates its surroundings through a process called incandescence. When electricity flows through the filament inside the bulb, it heats up and emits light. The filament is usually made of tungsten, which can withstand the high temperatures needed for light production. The light emitted from the filament spreads out in all directions, lighting up the area around the bulb.