The three types of emphysema are centriacinar, panacinar, and distal acinar (or paraseptal) emphysema. Centriacinar emphysema primarily affects the central parts of the acini and is often associated with smoking. Panacinar emphysema involves the entire acinus and is commonly linked to alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. Distal acinar emphysema affects the distal airways and is often associated with spontaneous pneumothorax.
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