How do you calculate powers of 10?

To calculate powers of 10, you raise 10 to an exponent, which indicates how many times 10 is multiplied by itself. For example, (10^3) means (10 \times 10 \times 10), resulting in 1,000. If the exponent is negative, such as (10^{-2}), it represents the reciprocal, resulting in (0.01) (or (1/100)). Essentially, (10^n) shifts the decimal point (n) places to the right for positive (n) and to the left for negative (n).