Who were the marmeluks?

The Mamluks were a powerful military class that emerged in the Islamic world, particularly in Egypt and the Levant, during the medieval period. Originally enslaved soldiers, they gained significant political power, ultimately establishing a dynasty that ruled Egypt from the 13th to the 16th centuries. The Mamluks are known for their military prowess, architectural achievements, and role in halting the Mongol advance into the Middle East and the Crusaders in the region. Their unique slave-soldier system allowed them to maintain loyalty and effectiveness, distinguishing them from other military forces of the time.