- the increase in population during 1715 to 1789 from 23 million to 28million.
- this lead to rapid demand for grain.
- the production of grain was insufficient for population.
- so the prices of bread rose which was the staple food for the majority.
- most of people worked on wages.
- price of bread increased but not wages.
- bad harvest worsened the situation.
this lead to subsistence crisis.
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