What geographic circumstance affected the conduct of Russian foreign policy for centuries?

Russia's vast geography, characterized by its extensive landmass and diverse climate, has significantly influenced its foreign policy over centuries. The country's strategic need for secure borders prompted a focus on territorial expansion and control over neighboring regions to prevent invasions. Additionally, the harsh climate and limited access to warm-water ports necessitated a maritime strategy, leading to efforts to gain access to the Black Sea and the Pacific Ocean. This geographic context has shaped Russia's historical pursuits of influence and dominance in Eastern Europe and Asia.