Peak expiratory flow rate

Definition

The peak expiratory flow rate measures how fast a person can breathe out (exhale) air. It is one of many tests that measures how well the lungs are working.

Peak flow

This test requires a peak expiratory flow monitor: a small handheld device with a mouthpiece at one end and a scale with a moveable indicator (usually a small plastic arrow).

To perform this test:

• Breathe in as deeply as possible.
• Blow into the instrument's mouthpiece as hard and fast as possible.
• Do this three times, and record the highest flow rate.

Loosen any tight clothing that might restrict your breathing. Sit up straight or stand while performing the tests.

There is usually no discomfort. Rarely, repeated efforts may cause some light-headedness.

The test is commonly used to diagnose and monitor lung diseases such as:

• Asthma
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• Rejection after a lung transplant

Home monitoring can help determine whether treatments are working or detect when your condition is getting worse.

Normal values vary based on a person's age, sex, and size. Peak flow measurements are most useful when a person compares the number on a given day to his or her "personal best."

A fall in peak flow can signal the onset of a lung disease flare, especially when it occurs with symptoms such as:

• Increased cough
• Shortness of breath
• Wheezing

Early treatment may be needed to prevent complications.

Peak air flow during exhalation decreases when the airways are blocked (obstructed).

Many patients can use peak expiratory flow monitoring to monitor their lung function at home. This can be very helpful, especially in asthma patients whose peak flow reading sometimes gets low before they develop breathing symptoms. If the fall in peak flow is treated early, symptoms can be avoided.

If you note that your peak flow is decreasing, tell your health care provider.

There are no significant risks.

Peak expiratory flow rate measurements are not as accurate as the spirometry measurements performed in a health care provider's office. Small changes in your peak flow may not mean significant changes in your lung function.

National Asthma Education and Prevention Program Expret Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma. Rockville, MD. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services; 2007. NIH publication 08-4051.