What impact did the supremacy doctrine have on concurrent powers?

The supremacy doctrine establishes that federal law takes precedence over state laws when there is a conflict, which can significantly affect the exercise of concurrent powers—those shared by both federal and state governments. This doctrine ensures that states cannot enact laws that undermine federal authority, potentially limiting their ability to regulate areas like taxation and infrastructure. As a result, while states can exercise concurrent powers, they must do so in alignment with federal regulations, which can lead to increased uniformity in governance but may also restrict state flexibility and autonomy.