What are iso electronic species?

Isoelectronic species are atoms, ions, or molecules that have the same number of electrons and, consequently, the same electronic structure. This results in them having similar chemical and physical properties, despite potentially differing in their nuclear charges or overall charge. Common examples include the nitrogen atom (N), the nitride ion (N³⁻), and the oxygen molecule (O₂), all of which have ten electrons. Isoelectronic species are often used in chemistry to predict reactivity and bonding behavior.