What was the main method the overseer used to get the field hands to work hard?

The main method the overseer used to motivate field hands to work hard was through a combination of threats and rewards. By employing strict discipline and the fear of punishment, such as physical beatings or the withholding of rations, overseers enforced compliance. Additionally, they sometimes offered incentives, such as small rewards or the promise of privileges, to encourage productivity among the laborers. This combination of fear and reward created an environment aimed at maximizing output in the fields.