What business organizations were designed to avoid regulations and act as monopolies?

Business organizations designed to avoid regulations and act as monopolies often include trusts and holding companies. Trusts, such as the Standard Oil Trust, allowed companies to consolidate control over entire markets, circumventing competition and regulatory oversight. Holding companies, which own significant stakes in multiple firms, can similarly dominate industries while skirting antitrust laws. These structures often face scrutiny and legal challenges aimed at promoting competition and protecting consumers.