Who desecrated the temple in Jerusalem?

The temple in Jerusalem was desecrated by various groups throughout history, but one of the most notable instances occurred in 167 BCE when the Seleucid king Antiochus IV Epiphanes ordered the altar of the Second Temple to be defiled. He prohibited Jewish religious practices and established an altar to Zeus within the temple, leading to significant unrest and the Maccabean Revolt. This event is commemorated in the Jewish holiday of Hanukkah, which celebrates the rededication of the temple.