Otto Von Bismarck used a combination of war and diplomacy to unify the German states under Prussian leadership, culminating in the Franco-Prussian War and the formation of the German Empire in 1871. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel employed a strategy of persuasion, negotiation, and coercion to convince the princely states of India to join the Indian Union after independence in 1947, known as the "iron fist in a velvet glove" approach. Both leaders were instrumental in the consolidation of diverse regions into single political entities through different means.
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