What political and social arrangement started after the last great frankish king?

After the reign of Charlemagne, the last great Frankish king, the Carolingian Empire began to fragment, leading to the establishment of feudalism in Western Europe. This political and social arrangement was characterized by a hierarchy of lords and vassals, where land was exchanged for military service and loyalty. The decentralization of power resulted in local lords gaining more authority, diminishing the influence of centralized monarchy, and leading to a more localized governance structure. This shift laid the groundwork for the development of various medieval states and the complex social structures that followed.