What is a protein energy malnutrition?

Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is a condition resulting from inadequate intake of protein and calories, leading to significant health issues. It primarily affects children and can manifest as kwashiorkor, characterized by edema and fatty liver, or marasmus, which involves severe wasting and stunted growth. PEM can result from poverty, food insecurity, or illnesses that impair nutrient absorption. It poses serious risks, including weakened immunity, developmental delays, and increased mortality rates.