The mathematical relationship between voltage (V) and current (I) in an electrical circuit is described by Ohm's Law, which states that V = I * R, where R is the resistance in ohms. This means that voltage is directly proportional to current, with resistance acting as the proportionality factor. As resistance increases, for a constant voltage, the current decreases; conversely, for a constant resistance, an increase in voltage results in an increase in current. This relationship is fundamental in understanding how electrical circuits operate.
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