How has nationalism contributed to conflicts in Europe?

Nationalism has often fueled tensions and conflicts in Europe by fostering a sense of superiority and exclusive identity among specific ethnic or national groups. This has led to demands for independence or greater autonomy, often resulting in violent clashes, as seen in the Balkans during the 1990s. Additionally, nationalism can exacerbate historical grievances and territorial disputes, complicating diplomatic relations and sometimes leading to war. Ultimately, the rise of nationalist sentiments can undermine social cohesion and promote division within multi-ethnic states.