How many colonies in Canada?

Lots of European colonies. For starters there was Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, PEI, New Brunswick, Upper and Lower Canada, the Province of Canada, and British Columbia.

But there were many more than that. New France was a French Colony, and Ruperts Land and the Northwest Territories are sometimes viewed as, or administered as British Colonies, as was the Red River Colony, though they didn't have the same standing as say the Province of Canada.

At one point the Spanish claimed the West Coast as part of it's colony New Spain, and Russia claimed part of our coast was part of their colony Russia America. Norway and Denmark also had claims that part of our North was part of their colonial possessions.

Then there are colonies of Canada. These include North-West Territories, Manitoba, District of Keewatin, Yukon Territory, District of Athabasca, District of Alberta, District of Assiniboia, District of Saskatchewan, and the Prairie provinces, Manitoba, Saskachewan, and Alberta which were effectively administered as colonies when they were first created out of districts and territories.

And the newest addition, Nunavut Territory.

I'm sure I've missed a few but that's the bulk of them.