How is an alloy of two metals produced?

Answer Usually by heating the metals so they become molten and adding other metals and compounds. However, if you study history, you find that early black-smiths and sWord-smiths developed Steel alloy in their ovens without completely melting the metal. The would heat the wrought iron in hot coals to soften the metal. Then folded the iron over and pounded it, then re-heated it and repeated the process. The carbon in the coal ashes introduced carbon into the iron, transforming it into Steel. When they cole-quenched it, the iron molecules expand enough that the carbon molecules enter into the matrix. When it was cooled rapidly, the carbon would be captured in the steel.