When did corporations begin?

Corporations have their roots in ancient times, with early forms appearing in Roman and medieval societies where groups of individuals pooled resources for mutual benefit. However, the modern concept of corporations emerged in the late Middle Ages and the Renaissance, particularly in the 16th and 17th centuries, with the establishment of joint-stock companies in Europe. This development allowed for limited liability and the ability to raise capital by selling shares, paving the way for the modern corporate structure we recognize today.