What is the difference between an antecedent boundary and subsequent boundary?

· Origin based boundaries: Also called Genetic Political Boundaries because it has to do with the evolution of boundaries.

· Pioneered by American political geographer Richard Harshorne (1899-1992)

· Antecedent: Certain boundaries were defined and delimited before the present-day human landscape was developed.

· Example: Border between Malaysia and Indonesia on the island of Borneo.

· Subsequent: Boundary evolved as the cultural landscape of an area took shape.

· Example: The border between China and Vietnam was the result of a long term process of adjustment and modification.

· Superimposed: Boundary that is forcibly drawn across a unified cultural landscape.

· Example: Island of New Guinea that separates Indonesia's West Papua from the country of Papua New Guinea.

· Relict: A border that has ceased to function but whose imprints are still evident on the cultural landscape.

· Example: The border between former North and South Vietnam.