The other elements besides hydrogen and helium that make up most of Earth are thought to have formed?

The other elements besides hydrogen and helium that make up most of Earth, such as carbon, oxygen, and iron, are believed to have formed through nuclear fusion in the interiors of stars. When these stars exhausted their nuclear fuel, they exploded in supernovae, dispersing these heavier elements into space. Over time, this stellar debris contributed to the formation of the solar system, including Earth, through processes like accretion and planetesimal formation. Thus, the Earth is primarily composed of elements forged in the hearts of ancient stars.