Why did chief Joseph surrender?

Chief Joseph surrendered in October 1877 after a long and arduous retreat of the Nez Perce tribe, who were trying to escape to Canada to avoid being forced onto a reservation. After a series of battles and dwindling supplies, he realized that further resistance would lead to more suffering and loss of life for his people. In his surrender speech, he expressed deep sorrow for the hardships faced by his tribe and his desire for peace, indicating that he could no longer lead them in a fight against overwhelming odds. His decision was ultimately a reflection of his commitment to the welfare of his people.