What happens after insulin binds to GPCR?

Insulin does not bind to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs); instead, it binds to the insulin receptor, which is a receptor tyrosine kinase. Upon binding, the insulin receptor undergoes autophosphorylation and activates its intrinsic kinase activity, leading to the phosphorylation of downstream signaling proteins. This triggers various signaling pathways, including the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, which promotes glucose uptake and metabolism. Other pathways, such as the MAPK pathway, can also be activated, influencing cell growth and differentiation.