How can organisms communicate?

Organisms communicate through various methods, including chemical signals, vocalizations, body language, and visual displays. For example, many animals use pheromones to convey information about territory, mating readiness, or danger. In addition, social species often rely on complex vocalizations or gestures to coordinate group activities and strengthen social bonds. Plants can also communicate through root exudates and volatile organic compounds, signaling distress or attracting pollinators.