What is an example of philosophy that rejects the idea of universal values?

An example of a philosophy that rejects the idea of universal values is the philosophy of John Stuart Mill in his work 'On Liberty'. Mill argues that diversity and conflict (i.e. differing values) aid a society in progressing. Mill's argument from fallibility demonstrates this. If an individuals voice (i.e.their values) is silenced, to our knowledge what that person had to say could have been 'truth', to deny this statement would be to suppose your own infallibility. In the same way, what that person had to say could have been false, however generally speaking every statement has a portion of truth within it. In either situation however, to deny someone the right to speak their opinion/ values aids society. In the first situation the person contributes to a topic and thus adds to its truth and in the second, the persons incorrect value statement will help to refine and iron out any potential errors in the truth. Mill strengthens this idea through other arguments such as the tyranny of the majority, the argument for diversity and through his work on the development of faculties. Hope this is the kind of example you were looking for.