What are the phase changes -- and sequence - which occur in distillation?

In distillation, the primary phase changes involve the transition from liquid to vapor and back to liquid. Initially, the liquid mixture is heated, causing the more volatile components to vaporize. This vapor is then cooled in a condenser, where it loses heat and undergoes condensation, transforming back into a liquid. This sequence of vaporization followed by condensation allows for the separation of components based on their boiling points.