What is application later?

An application layer is a component in the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model that provides network services directly to end-user applications. It facilitates communication between software applications and the underlying network, enabling functions such as file transfers, email, and web browsing. Examples of protocols at this layer include HTTP, FTP, and SMTP, which define how data is formatted and transmitted over the network. Overall, the application layer ensures that users can interact seamlessly with network services and resources.