Where was the scientist who leapt from his bath and ran naked through the street when he worked out why things float?

Archimedes (287-212 BC) is from Ancient Greece. He lived in Syracuse, a city-state and province on the island of Sicily (he died during its conquest by Rome). He discovered that water is displaced by the volume of what is added to it.

The scientist was Archimedes, who was asked to determine the amount of gold in a crown that had been made for his King. According to the legend, he was sitting in his bath when he realized that he could work out the density of the material (and therefore its purity) by measuring the volume of water it displaced. He was said to have leapt out of his bath naked shouting 'Eureka', which is Greek for 'I have found it'.

*To determine whether the king's crown was pure gold or not, he would measure its volume and its weight and compare this to an equal quantity of pure gold. (Density = mass/volume.) The density of gold is 19.6g/ml and any alloy would be less dense.