How did Immanuel Kant influence James Madison?

Immanuel Kant influenced James Madison through his ideas on political philosophy, specifically his emphasis on individual freedom and the importance of a constitutional government that protects the rights of citizens. Madison was influenced by Kant's concepts of human equality, the need for checks and balances in government, and the idea of a social contract between citizens and their government, which shaped his views on governance and the structure of the U.S. Constitution.