How did the middle passage brutalize Africans?

The Middle Passage brutalized Africans through inhumane conditions during their transport to the Americas. Many were crammed into overcrowded ships, facing extreme heat, disease, and a lack of sanitation, leading to high mortality rates. Moreover, they endured physical and psychological abuse, including violence and dehumanization, stripping them of their identity and dignity. This traumatic experience marked the beginning of a life of enslavement and suffering in the New World.